[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.alpart.cz\/clovek-v-ponorce\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.alpart.cz\/clovek-v-ponorce\/","headline":"\u010clov\u011bk v ponorce","name":"\u010clov\u011bk v ponorce","description":"Dne\u0161n\u00ed ponorky jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b jin\u00e9, ne\u017e b\u00fdvaly ty p\u016fvodn\u00ed. P\u0159ed stalet\u00edmi bylo stavebn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem obvykle d\u0159evo a poh\u00e1n\u011bla je lidsk\u00e1 energie. Ponorky jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed plavidla, pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se hluboko pod hladinou a slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k pr\u016fzkumu \u017eivota v podmo\u0159sk\u00e9m h\u00e1jemstv\u00ed. Mimo to b\u00fdvaj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvem k vojensk\u00fdm a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, anebo k z\u00e1chrann\u00fdm akc\u00edm. Vojensk\u00e9 ponorky m\u00edvaj\u00ed obvykle tvar doutn\u00edku a […]","datePublished":"2019-12-21","dateModified":"2023-05-31","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.alpart.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.alpart.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9478c3014fb8763e2a18691ad6bf83eff86429738afad80df8227ac472865e36?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9478c3014fb8763e2a18691ad6bf83eff86429738afad80df8227ac472865e36?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"alpart.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.alpart.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a362571_w3893_t1575722118.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.alpart.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a362571_w3893_t1575722118.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.alpart.cz\/clovek-v-ponorce\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":640,"articleBody":"Dne\u0161n\u00ed ponorky jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b jin\u00e9, ne\u017e b\u00fdvaly ty p\u016fvodn\u00ed. P\u0159ed stalet\u00edmi bylo stavebn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem obvykle d\u0159evo a poh\u00e1n\u011bla je lidsk\u00e1 energie.Ponorky jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed plavidla, pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se hluboko pod hladinou a slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k pr\u016fzkumu \u017eivota v podmo\u0159sk\u00e9m h\u00e1jemstv\u00ed. Mimo to b\u00fdvaj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvem k vojensk\u00fdm a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, anebo k z\u00e1chrann\u00fdm akc\u00edm. Vojensk\u00e9 ponorky m\u00edvaj\u00ed obvykle tvar doutn\u00edku a pluj\u00ed-li na hladin\u011b, tak jim z vody vy\u010dn\u00edv\u00e1 pouze v\u011b\u017e, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b horn\u00ed paluba.V sou\u010dasnosti existuj\u00ed ji\u017e i turistick\u00e9 ponorky k prohl\u00eddk\u00e1m podvodn\u00edho sv\u011bta.\tPono\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyno\u0159en\u00edPonorka se pot\u00e1p\u00ed d\u00edky speci\u00e1ln\u00edm z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00fdm komor\u00e1m. Jsou to n\u00e1dr\u017ee, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159i  ponoru plavidla napl\u0148uj\u00ed vodou – je zde vyu\u017eit Archimed\u016fv z\u00e1kon. P\u0159i vyno\u0159en\u00ed se do komor \u017eene stla\u010den\u00fd vzduch, kter\u00fd postupn\u011b vytla\u010duje vodu ven, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v\u00e1ha ponorky a ta za\u010dne stoupat vzh\u016fru k hladin\u011b. P\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm tlakem chr\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dleny pos\u00e1dky pevn\u00e1 kulov\u00e1 kabina z ocele.\t\u010c\u00edm jsou ponorky poh\u00e1n\u011bny?K pohonu modern\u00edch ponorek slou\u017e\u00ed lodn\u00ed \u0161roub. K rozt\u00e1\u010den\u00ed lodn\u00edch \u0161roub\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed motory; ty mohou b\u00fdt naftov\u00e9 nebo na atomovou energii; jindy se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jen elektrick\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory. Za I. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byly ponorky \u010dasto vybaveny diesel-elektrick\u00fdmi motory.Atomov\u00fd pohon ponorek je velmi drah\u00fd, av\u0161ak ponorky se nemusej\u00ed tak \u010dasto vyno\u0159ovat jako p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed spalovac\u00edch motor\u016f, kter\u00e9 rychle spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed kysl\u00edk.\tZ\u00e1kladn\u00ed vybaven\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch ponorek   Kdy\u017e pot\u0159ebuje pos\u00e1dka zjistit, co se d\u011bje nad hladinou, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zvan\u00e9 periskop. K vybaven\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch ponorek pat\u0159\u00ed torp\u00e9da (podvodn\u00ed st\u0159ely) a rakety, kter\u00fdmi je mo\u017en\u00e9 potopit nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e1 plavidla.N\u011bmecko u\u017e\u00edvalo ponorky v obou sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch k odst\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch lo\u010fstev.  V roce 1915 takto N\u011bmci potopili i civiln\u00ed parn\u00edk Lusitania, a to byl jeden z d\u016fvodu, pro\u010d vstoupili Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 do I. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.\tDruhy vojensk\u00fdch ponorek\t\thl\u00eddkov\u00e9: kontroluj\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a v\u00fdsostn\u00e9 vody sv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f\t\traketonosn\u00e9: vybaven\u00e9 jadern\u00fdmi hlavicemi\t\t\u00fato\u010dn\u00e9: vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed ciz\u00ed raketonosn\u00e9 ponorky a ni\u010d\u00ed plavidla nep\u0159\u00edtele\tJak\u00fd nejhlub\u0161\u00ed ponor byl zaznamen\u00e1n?Batyskaf Trieste II, s lidskou pos\u00e1dkou, se v roce 1960 pono\u0159il v Mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edkopu v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu do 11kilometrov\u00e9 hloubky k pr\u016fzkumu nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edho bodu na povrchu Zem\u011b. Ponor do t\u00e9to hloubky trval p\u011bt hodin.Existuj\u00ed ponorky, kter\u00e9 se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pouze k pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm a v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu v\u00fdzkumu – nap\u0159\u00edklad v hlubin\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 u\u017e nejsou vhodn\u00e9 pro pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de. Mal\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edm\u00edstn\u00e1 ponorka Alvin prozkoum\u00e1vala v roce 1986, za pomoci robota, vnit\u0159ek vraku zaoce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 lodi Titanic, kter\u00fd v roce 1912 ztroskotal v Atlantiku. Do sou\u010dasnosti provedla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u011bt tis\u00edc ponor\u016f.\tHlubinn\u00e9 skafandryN\u011bkdy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di speci\u00e1ln\u00ed skafandry; vypadaj\u00ed jako jednom\u00edstn\u00e1 ponorka, kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak m\u00e1 ruk\u00e1vy s jak\u00fdmisi klepety. Tato klepeta pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 zevnit\u0159 a d\u00edky tomu m\u016f\u017ee pod hladinou, nebo i na dn\u011b mo\u0159e, zvedat r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty a prov\u00e9st i n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u010clov\u011bk v ponorce","item":"https:\/\/www.alpart.cz\/clovek-v-ponorce\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]